Background: High blood pressure has been suggested to accelerate vascular injury-induced neointimal formation and progression. However, little is known about the intricate relationships between vascular injury and hypertension in the context of arterial remodeling.
Methods: Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis was used to depict the cell atlas of carotid arteries of Wistar Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats with or without balloon injury.
Results: We found that hypertension significantly aggravated balloon injury-induced arterial stenosis. A total of 36 202 cells from carotid arteries with or without balloon injury were included in single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. Cell composition analysis showed that vascular injury and hypertension independently induced distinct aortic cell phenotypic alterations including immune cells, endothelial cells (ECs), and smooth muscle cells. Specifically, our data showed that injury and hypertension-induced specific EC phenotypic alterations, and revealed a transition from functional ECs to hypermetabolic, and eventually dysfunctional ECs in hypertensive rats upon balloon injury. Importantly, our data also showed that vascular injury and hypertension-induced different smooth muscle cell phenotypic alterations, characterized by deferential expression of synthetic signatures. Interestingly, pathway analysis showed that dysregulated metabolic pathways were a common feature in monocytes/macrophages, ECs, and smooth muscle cells in response to injury and hypertension. Functionally, we demonstrate that inhibition of mitochondrial respiration significantly ameliorated injury-induced neointimal formation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Conclusions: This study provides the cell landscape changes of the main aortic cell phenotypic alterations in response to injury and hypertension. Our findings suggest that targeting cellular mitochondrial respiration could be a novel therapeutic for patients with hypertension undergoing vascular angioplasty.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22057 | DOI Listing |
Exp Eye Res
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031. Electronic address:
We aimed to explore the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of taurine on retinal cells during acute ocular hypertension (AOH)-induced damage. Retinal morphology, apoptosis, mitochondrial structure, electroretinography, expression of GTP binding protein 3 (GTPBP3), and molecules in the unfolded protein response (UPR) were examined in an AOH mouse model and wild-type (WT) mice with or without intravitreal injection of taurine. For in vitro experiments, the GTPBP3 expression and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were examined in R28 cell line under hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced damage or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced damage, with or without taurine pretreatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Anaesth
December 2024
Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. Electronic address:
Background: Hypertension therapy in older adults is often suboptimal, in part because of inadequate suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We hypothesised that distinct endotypes of RAAS activation before noncardiac surgery are associated with increased risk of myocardial injury.
Methods: This was a prespecified exploratory analysis of a multicentre randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN17251494) which randomised patients ≥60 yr old undergoing elective noncardiac surgery to either continue or stop RAAS inhibitors (determined by pharmacokinetic profiles).
Am J Kidney Dis
January 2025
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Electronic address:
Kidney Int
December 2024
Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. Electronic address:
Red yeast rice, traditionally used in Asian cuisine and increasingly marketed as a dietary supplement for cholesterol management, has recently been linked to kidney dysfunction in Japan. In late 2023 to early 2024, multiple cases involving specific Beni-koji (red yeast rice) tablets from three different Beni-koji preparations, prompted a safety reevaluation. Although citrinin, a known nephrotoxin of red yeast rice, was not produced by the implicated strains, new safety concerns emerged.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastroenterology
December 2024
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Endeavor Health, Chicago, Illinois.
Description: Portal vein thromboses (PVTs) are common in patients with cirrhosis and are associated with advanced portal hypertension and mortality. The treatment of PVTs remains a clinical challenge due to limited evidence and competing risks of PVT-associated complications vs bleeding risk of anticoagulation. Significant heterogeneity in PVT phenotype based on anatomic, host, and disease characteristics, and an emerging spectrum of therapeutic options further complicate PVT management.
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