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Long-term intake of Lactobacillus helveticus enhances bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids in the mouse retina. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially DHA, are essential for retinal health, and a diet high in these fats from sources like fish oil can protect against age-related macular degeneration.
  • The study explored how long-term supplementation with the bacterium Lactobacillus helveticus might influence retinal omega-3 levels and gut microbiota composition.
  • Results showed that this supplementation led to reduced saturated and monounsaturated fats in the retina while increasing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, suggesting potential for using gut microbiota manipulation in treating or preventing retinal diseases.

Article Abstract

Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are required for the structure and function of the retina. Several observational studies indicate that consumption of a diet with relatively high levels of n-3 PUFAs, such as those provided by fish oils, has a protective effect against the development of age-related macular degeneration. Given the accumulating evidence showing the role of gut microbiota in regulating retinal physiology and host lipid metabolism, we evaluated the potential of long-term dietary supplementation with the Gram-positive bacterium Lactobacillus helveticus strain VEL12193 to modulate the retinal n-3 PUFA content. A set of complementary approaches was used to study the impact of such a supplementation on the gut microbiota and host lipid/fatty acid (FA) metabolism. L. helveticus-supplementation was associated with a decrease in retinal saturated FAs (SFAs) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) as well as an increase in retinal n-3 and omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs. Interestingly, supplementation with L. helveticus enriched the retina in C22:5n-3 (docosapentaenoic acid, DPA), C22:6n-3 (DHA), C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid, LA) and C20:3n-6 (dihomo gamma-linolenic acid, DGLA). Long-term consumption of L. helveticus also modulated gut microbiota composition and some changes in OTUs abundance correlated with the retinal FA content. This study provides a proof of concept that targeting the gut microbiota could be an effective strategy to modulate the retinal FA content, including that of protective n-3 PUFAs, thus opening paths for the design of novel preventive and/or therapeutical strategies for retinopathies.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10796366PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41522-023-00474-5DOI Listing

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