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There is an ongoing debate about the ethics of research on lifespan extension: roughly, using medical technologies to extend biological human lives beyond the current "natural" limit of about 120 years. At the same time, there is an exploding interest in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to create "digital twins" of persons, for example by fine-tuning large language models on data specific to particular individuals. In this paper, we consider whether digital twins (or digital doppelgängers, as we refer to them) could be a path toward a kind of life extension-or more precisely, a kind of extension-that does not rely on biological continuity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPersonhood, Dementia, and Bioethics.
Camb Q Healthc Ethics
November 2024
Plunkett Centre for Ethics, Australian Catholic University, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby (2024) has called for bioethics to end talk about personhood, asserting that such talk has the tendency to confuse and offend. It will be argued that this has only limited application for (largely) private settings. However, in other settings, theorizing about personhood leaves a gap in which there is the risk that the offending concept will get uptake elsewhere, and so the problem Blumenthal-Barby nominates may not be completely avoided.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ethical inadequacy of uninformed surrogate consent: advancing respect for persons in clinical research.
Theor Med Bioeth
December 2024
Center for Law and Biomedical Sciences, University of Utah S. J. Quinney College of Law, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
In clinical research, decision-making capacity is often equated with unspecified conceptions of autonomy, and autonomy is often equated with personhood. On this view, the loss of decision-making capacity is seen as a loss of autonomy, and the loss of autonomy subsumes a loss of personhood. An ethical concern arises at the intersection of those philosophical considerations with the legal considerations in informed consent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMoral nexus of unmet needs and care in person-centred care for patients with advanced dementia in a multicultural society.
J Eval Clin Pract
August 2024
Department of Philosophy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Rationale: Patients with advanced dementia experience multifaceted vulnerabilities because of their diminished capacities for decision making. The dominant versions of person-centred care (PCC) emphasise patient preferences and autonomy, which often undermines a recognition of their distinct unfulfilled needs. Determining whether an individual autonomy conception of personhood applies to patients with advanced dementia is morally problematic from various theoretical perspectives and leads to the one-approach-fits-all problem when caring for this patient population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF"We are not the person we will be when these things happen:" Reflections on personhood from an ethnography of neuropalliative care.
Nurs Inq
July 2024
School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
Neuropalliative care developed to address the needs of patients living with life-limiting neurologic disease. One critical consideration is that disease-related changes to cognition, communication, and function challenge illness experiences and care practices. We conducted an ethnography to understand neuropalliative care as a phenomenon; how it was experienced, provided, conceptualized.
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