AI Article Synopsis
- The human embryo begins as a fertilized oocyte and sperm, developing into a blastocyst, which is critical for implantation.
- After fertilization, 200-5000 sperm may reach the blastocyst stage during natural conception, indicating a considerable competition among sperm cells.
- Research shows that sperm can penetrate the cells of the blastocyst, which may aid in evolutionary adaptations that affect embryo development, with implications for pregnancy outcomes and fertility.
Article Abstract
The human embryo derives from fusion of oocyte and sperm, undergoes growth and differentiation, resulting in a blastocyst. To initiate implantation, the blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida, allowing access from external inputs. Modelling of uterine sperm distribution indicates that 200-5000 sperm cells may reach the implantation-stage blastocyst following natural coitus. We show ultrastructural evidence of sperm cells intruding into trophectoderm cells of zona-free blastocysts obtained from the uterus of rhesus monkeys. Interaction between additional sperm and zona-free blastocyst could be an evolutionary feature yielding adaptive processes influencing the developmental fate of embryos. This process bears potential implications in pregnancy success, sperm competition and human health.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10790733 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad043 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- The human embryo begins as a fertilized oocyte and sperm, developing into a blastocyst, which is critical for implantation.
- After fertilization, 200-5000 sperm may reach the blastocyst stage during natural conception, indicating a considerable competition among sperm cells.
- Research shows that sperm can penetrate the cells of the blastocyst, which may aid in evolutionary adaptations that affect embryo development, with implications for pregnancy outcomes and fertility.
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