Image intensifier-guided transperineal prostate biopsy for patients without a rectum: novel technique.

Introduction: It is challenging to perform prostate biopsy in men with suspicion of prostate malignancy without a rectum to facilitate prostate biopsy. Nevertheless, such patients are presenting at an earlier stage, due to increased PSA testing in association with improved MRI imaging. We describe a novel technique for prostate biopsy in two such cases.

Technique: The patient is under General Anaesthesia and in lithotomy position. The patient is catheterised and a measured volume of contrast is inserted to the catheter balloon. By using anatomical surface landmarks, placing traction on the catheter to bring the balloon to the level of the bladder neck and using fluoroscopy, the distance to the apical prostate was estimated. This facilitates image intensifier guided trans-perineal prostate biopsy.

Outcomes: A 67-year-old patient, with a history of panproctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis, presented with increasing PSA and a suspicious prostate on MP-MRI. The prostate couldn't be visualised on transperineal ultrasound and the patient was offered transperineal biopsy using image intensifier guidance. Several biopsy cores were taken and prostate cancer was diagnosed. The second patient was a 68-year-old who presented similarly, but with a history of panproctocolectomy for Crohn's disease. Using the above technique, biopsies were taken with low-risk prostate cancer diagnosed. Subsequently, due to rising PSA levels, a repeat set of prostate biopsies was taken 13 months later in an identical manner, upstaging his disease. There were no post-operative complications after any of the procedures.

Conclusion: We review the literature and discuss several techniques available to sample the prostate in this patient cohort. We conclude that we have identified a safe and effective technique, which utilises commonly available equipment, to biopsy the prostate in the post proctectomy patient.