An anti-neuroinflammatory activities-guided phytochemical research of was performed for the first time. Three undescribed carotane-type sesquiterpenes, excoecafolinols C-E (), and nine known sesquiterpene derivatives were isolated from the effective ethyl acetate extract of . Their structures were determined based on multiple spectroscopic techniques and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Furthermore, the anti-neuroinflammatory activities of the identified compounds were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells. Among them, six components (, , , , , ) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production, with IC values ranging from 10.48 to 49.41 μM (positive control minocycline, IC 53.20 μM). Carotane-type sesquiterpenes (, , ) with high content and significant inhibitory effects, are considered to be major active ingredients of , which might serve as potential therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases.
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