Computational insights into overcoming resistance mechanisms in targeted therapies for advanced breast cancer: focus on EGFR and HER2 co-inhibition.

In the present study, the formation of a heterodimer involving both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been explored as a potential therapeutic mechanism to inhibit the progression of breast cancer. Virtual screening using molecular docking resulted in the three hit compounds (, , and ) with minimum binding scores and commonly binding to both receptors. Further, MD simulation analysis of these complexes illustrated the high stability of these compounds with EGFR and HER2. RMSD showed that displayed the most stable RMSD of 2 - 3 Å when bound to both receptors, suggesting to have strong compatibility with the active site of the receptor. Hydrogen bond analysis showed that forms the maximum number of H-bonds (2 to 3) in both EGFR and HER2 bound complexes, with the highest occupancy of 62% and 79%, respectively. Binding free energy calculation showed that possesses maximum affinity towards both the receptors with ΔG = -129.628 and -164.063 kJ/mol, respectively. This approach recognizes the significance of EGFR and HER2 in breast cancer development and aims to disrupt their collaborative signaling, which is known to promote the antagonistic behavior of cancer cells. By focusing on this EGFR/HER2 heterodimer, the study offers a promising avenue for identifying a potential candidate ( that may inhibit breast cancer cell growth and potentially improve patient outcomes. The study's findings may contribute to the ongoing efforts to advance breast cancer treatment strategies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.