Pathophysiologic changes in lung diseases are often accompanied by changes in ventilation and gas exchange. Comprehensive evaluation of lung function cannot be obtained through chest X-ray and computed tomography. Proton-based lung MRI is particularly challenging due to low proton density within the lung tissue. In this review, we discuss an emerging technology--hyperpolarized gas MRI with inhaled Xe, which provides functional and microstructural information and has the potential as a clinical tool for detecting the early stage and progression of certain lung diseases. We review the hyperpolarized Xe MRI studies in patients with a range of pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, radiation-induced lung injury and interstitial lung disease, and the applications of artificial intelligence were reviewed as well.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2024.01.014 | DOI Listing |
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