Expression characteristics and in vitro antibacterial properties of C-type lysozyme in crucian carp infected with .

is an ancient fish pathogen. Lysozymes are important molecules in the innate immune system that fight bacterial infections. The expression characteristics of C-type lysozyme in crucian carp infected with and its antibacterial effect against had not been investigated. Thus, we used bioinformatics to analyze the gene and protein characteristics of C-type lysozymes in crucian carp. Changes in C-type lysozyme expression before and after crucian carp infection with were detected, and the in vitro antibacterial effect of recombinant carp C-type lysozyme on was validated. The results showed that the coding DNA sequence region of the lysozyme gene sequence was 438 bp long, encoding 145 amino acids and containing two conserved catalytic sites: Glu53 and Asp69. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that crucian carp C-type lysozymes clustered with lysozyme C. After crucian carp were infected with , the gene and protein expression of C-type lysozymes in the liver, spleen, kidney, and hindgut were significantly upregulated, with the liver showing the highest upregulation that was 15 times higher than that in the uninfected group. In addition, recombinant C-type lysozyme exhibited significant antibacterial activity against , with an average inhibition zone radius of 0.92 cm when using 40 μg recombinant lysozyme. In conclusion, this study reveals the important role of C-type lysozymes in the innate immune response of crucian carp and provides a theoretical basis for preventing crucian carp infection with .