Spectrophotometric Analysis and Determination of Anti-inflammatory Effect of Punica granatum and Woodfordia fruticosa in Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis - A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Long-term use of chemical plaque control methods has led to adverse effects. In the current scenario, herbal mouthwashes have adequately remediated periodontal disease. Moreover, in the salivary interactome, biomarkers such as salivary amylase, a key protein secreted in the saliva, have been immensely useful in detecting the progression of periodontal disease. Therefore, we aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic crude extracts of  leaf and  peel and to estimate salivary amylase levels in subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis.

Methodology: Ethanolic extracts of both plants were prepared using the soxhlet extraction method, and the obtained metabolites were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. After a mouthwash was prepared, 100 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Group I received  peel (Pgp) mouthwash, and Group II received leaf (Wfl). Clinical parameters such as probing depth and clinical attachment loss were recorded to determine the grades of periodontitis. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and amylase levels were analyzed at three-time intervals using spectrophotometric assay.

Results: For both groups, the mean reduction in salivary amylase levels was calculated at baseline after 1 hour and 1 week of using the mouthwash. A statistically highly significant reduction was seen with (p=0.000*) at the 1-hr interval in Group I.

Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effect was more effective with Pgp mouthwash when compared to Wfl mouthwash.