AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the enhancement of fulvic acid (FA) removal using iron-manganese co-oxide film (MeO) combined with potassium ferrate (KFeO), which increased removal efficiency from 20% to 50%.
- Higher temperatures and ammonium concentrations negatively affected FA removal, as FA formed larger macromolecular groups that adhered to MeO.
- Analytical techniques revealed changes in surface composition and structure of MeO, confirming the interaction between FA and iron-manganese compounds during the removal process.
Article Abstract
The previous studies have shown that iron-manganese co-oxide film (MeO) could simultaneously remove ammonium, manganese ion and bisphenol A. In this study, the removal of fulvic acid (FA) was explored by adding potassium ferrate (KFeO) to heighten the catalytic activity of MeO. After adding about 3.0 mg/L potassium ferrate, the elimination efficiency of 7.0 mg/L FA by the MeO increased from 20 to 50%. The effects of temperature and ammonium on the elimination of FA were investigated. Higher temperature (above 22 °C) and higher ammonium concentration (above 2.0 mg/L) caused a decrease in FA removal. Most of FA combined with the ferric hydroxide colloid produced by KFeO in water to form macromolecular groups, and they were subsequently absorbed and covered on the surface of MeO. Scanning electron microscope showed that more viscous flocs appeared on the surface of MeO, and the film thickness became thicker. Electron energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis revealed a notable increased in the C-O element ratio and a significant decreased in the Mn-Fe element ratio on the surface of MeO. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the content of transition metal carbonyl compounds increased in the surface of MeO. XPS analysis confirmed that the presence of FeO, FeO, MnO and MnO along with functional group substances of FA attached on the surface of MeO. The removal mechanism of FA was studied.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01835-x | DOI Listing |
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