Procedural extinction is sometimes associated with a temporary increase in responding known as an extinction burst. Extinction bursts present unique challenges in the context of treating behavior targeted for reduction. The present study updates the prevalence of extinction bursts using a clinical sample (N = 108) receiving treatment for targeted behavior. The prevalence of extinction bursts in our sample (24%) was consistent with that in prior literature. The extinction-burst magnitude decreased across sessions after extinction was contacted during treatment, but this sample did not demonstrate decreased persistence or magnitude of extinction bursts across successive transitions from baseline to treatment. We also examined the prevalence and magnitude of extinction bursts based on the function and topography of targeted behavior and treatment components and found no consistent relation among these variables. These findings should lead clinicians to prepare for transient extinction bursts when implementing extinction-based treatment for challenging behavior.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jaba.1054 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
The extinction burst: Effects of reinforcement magnitude.
J Exp Anal Behav
January 2025
Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
The extinction burst is an increase in an operant behavior early in the transition to extinction. A matching-law-based quantitative theory suggests that it results from the elimination of competition from reinforcement-related behavior that accompanies the transition to extinction. This experiment examined the effects of reinforcement magnitude on the extinction burst with rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative diversification analyses of Hydrangeaceae and Loasaceae reveal complex evolutionary history as species disperse out of Mesoamerica.
Am J Bot
January 2025
School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164, Washington, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores how intercontinental movements of certain plant lineages (Hydrangeaceae and Loasaceae) may promote ecological opportunities and species diversity.
- Researchers reconstructed a phylogeny using molecular data and analyzed speciation rates, finding that while some clades showed increased diversification, it wasn't linked to new continental colonization.
- The findings suggest that climate change in the Miocene played a more significant role in species diversification rather than dispersal across continents, indicating that changes in habitats drove evolutionary changes instead of location shifts.
Dynamic responses of striatal cholinergic interneurons control behavioral flexibility.
Sci Adv
December 2024
Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA.
Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) are key to regulating behavioral flexibility, involving both extinguishing learned actions and adopting new ones. However, the mechanisms driving these processes remain elusive. In this study, we initially demonstrate that chronic alcohol consumption disrupts the burst-pause dynamics of CINs and impairs behavioral flexibility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLess, but More: New Insights From Appendicularians on Chordate Fgf Evolution and the Divergence of Tunicate Lifestyles.
Mol Biol Evol
January 2025
Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
The impact of gene loss on the diversification of taxa and the emergence of evolutionary innovations remains poorly understood. Here, our investigation on the evolution of the Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) in appendicularian tunicates as a case study reveals a scenario of "less, but more" characterized by massive losses of all Fgf gene subfamilies, except for the Fgf9/16/20 and Fgf11/12/13/14, which in turn underwent two bursts of duplications. Through phylogenetic analysis, synteny conservation, and gene and protein structure, we reconstruct the history of appendicularian Fgf genes, highlighting their paracrine and intracellular functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntermittent theta burst stimulation over the left prefrontal cortex: no additional effect for virtual reality exposure therapy in acrophobia-a randomized trial.
Sci Rep
November 2024
Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Anxiety disorders are common and typically treated with cognitive behavioral therapy and medication, but some patients don’t respond well to these methods.
- A clinical trial involving 76 individuals with acrophobia tested the effectiveness of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) combined with virtual reality exposure therapy, finding a significant reduction in phobic symptoms.
- However, the study concluded that iTBS did not provide additional benefits over a placebo version, suggesting the need for more personalized TMS approaches and further research to optimize treatment.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!