Tunable Low-Pressure Water Adsorption in Stable Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks for Boosting Water-Based Ultralow-Temperature-Driven Refrigeration.

The green water-based adsorption refrigeration is considered as a promising strategy to realize near-zero-carbon cooling applications. Although many metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been developed as water adsorbents, their cooling performance are commonly limited by the insufficient water uptakes below P/P = 0.2. Herein, the development of multivariate MOFs (MTV-MOFs) is reported to highly modulate and boost the low-pressure water uptake for improving coefficient of performance (COP) for refrigeration. Through ligand exchange in the pristine MIL-125-NH , a series of MTV-MOFs with bare nitrogen sites are designed and synthesized. The resulting MIL-125-NH /MD-5% exhibits the significantly improved water uptake of 0.39 g g at 298 K and P/P = 0.2, which is three times higher than MIL-125-NH (0.12 g g ) and comparable to some benchmark materials including KMF-1 (0.4 g g ) and MIP-200 (0.36 g g ). Combined with its low-temperature regeneration, fast sorption kinetics and high stability, MIL-125-NH /MD-5% achieves one of the highest COP values (0.8) and working capacities (0.24 g g ) for refrig-2 under an ultralow-driven temperature of 65 °C, which are higher than some best-performing MOFs such as MIP-200 (0.74 and 0.11 g g ) and KMF-2 (0.62 and 0.16 g g ), making it among the best adsorbents for efficient ultralow-temperature-driven refrigeration.