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The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the global average since 1979, resulting in rapid glacier retreat and exposing new glacier forelands. These forelands offer unique experimental settings to explore how global warming impacts ecosystems, particularly for highly climate-sensitive arthropods. Understanding these impacts can help anticipate future biodiversity and ecosystem changes under ongoing warming scenarios.

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Optimizing in vivo exposure using occasional reinforced extinction with aversive imagery in spider fearful individuals.

Behav Res Ther

January 2025

Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

Although exposure-based therapy is widely recognized as effective for treating various anxiety disorders, a significant proportion of patients fail to benefit or experience a return of fear following successful treatment. One promising strategy involves occasional presentation of fear-evoking stimuli during extinction (occasional reinforced extinction, ORE). This study investigates a novel approach to translate ORE into clinical practice by incorporating occasional vivid imagery of individuals' worst-case fear scenarios during in-vivo exposure.

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The global pet trade in invertebrates remains poorly understood and underrepresented in policy and research. Tarantulas are a highly traded invertebrate group. Many individuals in trade are wild caught, and trade regulation is often lacking, raising concerns about the effect of trade on local ecosystems and populations.

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Article Synopsis
  • This systematic review explores how oxytocin and exercise interact, focusing on their combined effects on pain relief, inflammation reduction, regeneration, and heart protection.
  • The study analyzed 175 recent, relevant studies that examined healthy individuals to categorize findings into five themes related to exercise and oxytocin's reciprocating impacts, including effects on physiology and social context.
  • Findings suggest that exercise-induced oxytocin can enhance tissue healing, manage stress, and potentially improve athletic performance, while also highlighting the importance of effective measurement techniques in research.
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Chelicerae, distinctive feeding appendages in chelicerates, such as spiders, scorpions, or horseshoe crabs, can be classified based on their orientation relative to the body axis simplified as either orthognathous (parallel) or labidognathous (inclined), exhibiting considerable diversity across various taxa. Among extinct chelicerates, sea scorpions belonging to the Pterygotidae represent the only chelicerates possessing markedly elongated chelicerae relative to body length. Despite various hypotheses regarding the potential ecological functions and feeding movements of these structures, no comprehensive 3D kinematic investigation has been conducted yet to test these ideas.

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