AI Article Synopsis
- - Neuropeptides are crucial in regulating pain and inflammation, particularly in the trigeminal system, but there's a lack of systematic research on their roles in orofacial pain modulation.
- - This review focuses on key neuropeptides like CGRP, substance P, and opioid peptides, highlighting their functions, mechanisms, and potential as treatment targets for orofacial pain.
- - Findings show that different neuropeptides have varying effects on orofacial pain, with some promoting pain (like CGRP and substance P) and others providing relief (like opioid peptides and galanin).
Article Abstract
Background: Neuropeptides play a critical role in regulating pain and inflammation. Despite accumulating evidence has further uncovered the novel functions and mechanisms of different neuropeptides in orofacial pain sensation and transmission, there is deficient systematic description of neuropeptides' pain modulation in the orofacial region, especially in the trigeminal system.
Objectives: The present review aims to summarise several key neuropeptides and gain a better understanding of their major regulatory roles in orofacial inflammation and pain.
Methods: We review and summarise current studies related to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), opioid peptide (OP), galanin (GAL) and other neuropeptides' functions and mechanisms as well as promising targets for orofacial pain control.
Results: A number of neuropeptides are clearly expressed in the trigeminal sensory system and have critical functions in the transduction and pathogenesis of orofacial pain. The functions, possible cellular and molecular mechanisms have been introduced and discussed. Neuropeptides and their agonists or antagonists which are widely studied to be potential treatment options of orofacial pain has been evaluated.
Conclusions: Various neuropeptides play important but distinct (pro-nociceptive or analgesic) roles in orofacial pain with different mechanisms. In summary, CGRP, SP, NPY, NKA, HK-1, VIP mainly play proinflammatory and pro-nociceptive effects while OP, GAL, OXT, OrxA mainly have inhibitory effects on orofacial pain.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joor.13656 | DOI Listing |
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