Central airway obstruction often presents with respiratory symptoms identical to those of common respiratory diseases. Diagnosis of central airway obstruction is challenging in clinical practice, especially misdiagnosed as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in case of "normal" chest X-ray. Here, we reported five central airway obstruction cases: the first and fourth cases misdiagnosed as asthma, the second masquerading as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, the third diagnosed incorrectly with non-resolving pneumonia, and the fifth misdiagnosed as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We then analyzed diagnostic clues potentially useful to differentiate central airway obstruction from asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A multidisciplinary approach to manage central airway obstruction is essential, particularly selecting judiciously the method of respiratory support due to the high risk of completed airway collapse or obstruction during interventional period.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313X231225327 | DOI Listing |
Nat Med
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China.
The delivery of accurate diagnoses is crucial in healthcare and represents the gateway to appropriate and timely treatment. Although recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in few-shot or zero-shot learning, their effectiveness in clinical diagnosis remains unproven. Here we present MedFound, a generalist medical language model with 176 billion parameters, pre-trained on a large-scale corpus derived from diverse medical text and real-world clinical records.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Background: Literature regarding the advantages of HFNC in infants for ensuring oxygen supply after non-cardiac surgery is insufficient. The purpose of our study is to compare COT vs. HFNC on postoperative outcomes in infants undergoing non-cardiac surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInflammation
January 2025
Department of Clinical Research Center for Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China.
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by the involvement of numerous inflammatory cells and factors. Therefore, targeting airway inflammation is one of the crucial strategies for developing novel drugs in the treatment of asthma. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on inflammation and immune responses, thus emerging as a promising therapeutic target for airway inflammatory disease, including asthma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Background: NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is a hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin or ibuprofen, accompanied by chronic rhinosinusitis (with or without nasal polyps) or asthma. The prevalence of hypersensitivity to NSAIDs is estimated to be 2%. The first line of treatment is the avoidance of NSAIDs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Anesthesiol
January 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Xinquan Road 29, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, PR China.
Background: Limited information is available regarding the application of lung-protective ventilation strategies during one-lung ventilation (OLV) across mainland China. A nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate this issue in current clinical practice.
Methods: The survey covered various aspects, including respondent demographics, the establishment and maintenance of OLV, intraoperative monitoring standards, and complications associated with OLV.
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