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Mechanistic insight into the synergistic antimicrobial potential of Burm.f. extracts with cefixime. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Burm.f. has properties that help fight infections and was tested to see if it can work better with antibiotics against tough bacteria that don't respond to normal treatments.
  • Scientists checked different types of plant extracts for their helpful chemicals and how well they could stop bacteria from growing.
  • Results showed some extracts worked really well with the antibiotic cefixime, making it more effective, and could help reduce antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Article Abstract

Burm.f. is known for its anti-infective character and has been studied in the present work as a synergistic remedy against resistant bacterial strains. Initially, phytochemicals were quantified in n-Hexane (n-Hex), ethyl acetate (E.A), methanol (MeOH), and aqueous (Aq.) extracts by Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis. Later, after establishing an antibacterial resistance profile for extracts and antibiotics against gram-positive and gram-negative strains, synergism was evaluated in combination with cefixime through time-kill kinetics and bacterial protein estimation studies. Topographic images depicting synergism were obtained by scanning electron microscopy for Methicilin-resistant (MRSA) and Resistant (). Results showed the presence of maximum phenolic (28.4 ± 0.67 μg GAE/mg extract) and flavonoid (11 ± 0.42 μg QE/mg extract) contents in MeOH extract. RP-HPLC results also displayed maximum polyphenols in MeOH extract followed by E.A extract. Clinical strains were resistant to cefixime whereas these were moderately inhibited by all extracts (MIC 150-300 µg/ml) except Aq. extract. E.A and n-Hex extracts demonstrated maximum synergism (Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) 0.31) against . The n-Hex extract displayed total synergism against with a 4-fold reduction in cefixime dose. Time-kill kinetics showed maximum inhibition of gram-negative bacterial growth from 3 to 12 h when treated at FICI and 2FICI values with > 10-fold reduction of the extracts' dose. All combinations demonstrate > 70 % protein content inhibition with bacterial cell wall disruption in SEM images. Fortunately, FICI concentrations have low hemolytic potential (<5%). Conclusively, extracts can mitigate antimicrobial resistance against cefixime and can be investigated in detail by and mechanistic studies.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10777119PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101893DOI Listing

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