Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
Published: December 2023
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Progressive intestinal mucosal damage occurs over years prior to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The endoscopic screening of polyps and histopathological examination are used clinically to determine the risk and progression of mucosal lesions. We analyzed fecal microbiota compositions using 16S rRNA gene-based metataxonomic analyses and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) using gas chromatography in volunteers undergoing colonoscopy and histopathological analyses to determine the microbiota shifts occurring at the early stages of intestinal mucosa alterations. The results were compared between diagnosis groups (nonpathological controls and polyps), between samples from individuals with hyperplastic polyps or conventional adenomas, and between grades of dysplasia in conventional adenomas. Some microbial taxa from the and phyla were the most affected when comparing the diagnosis and histopathological groups. Deeper microbiota alterations were found in the conventional adenomas than in the hyperplastic polyps. The group was enriched in both the hyperplastic polyps and conventional adenomas, whereas the family was enriched only in the hyperplastic polyps. The abundance of , , , , , , and shifted in conventional adenomas depending on the grade of dysplasia, without affecting the major SCFAs. Our results suggest a reorganization of microbial consortia involved in gut fermentative processes.
Cushing syndrome represents a multitude of signs and symptoms associated with long-term and excessive exposure to glucocorticoids. Solitary cortisol-producing adenomas (CPAs) account for most cases of ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome (CS). Technological advances in next-generation sequencing have significantly increased our understanding about the genetic landscape of CPAs.
Literature evidence describing a seeming de novo occurrence of severe osteoporosis accompanied by the presence of parathyroid adenoma with normal serum parathormone level (PTH), normal serum vitamin D, and serum calcium levels is rare; hence, this case report. In the absence of raised parathormone levels and the demonstration of the presence of parathyroid adenoma, the hypothesis that the authors were left with was that could certain forms of parathyroid adenoma express factors or active substances with severe osteoclastic activity. Or, could certain expressed PTH molecules in parathyroid adenoma scenarios prove difficult to assay using conventional study methods? We have reviewed the literature in a bid to provide answers to these possible uncommon scenarios.
Background: Although ultrasound (US) has been widely adopted as the preferred imaging modality for thyroid nodule evaluation, its reliability in distinguishing follicular adenomas from adenocarcinomas based on US features has been a subject of debate. The primary objective of our study was to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of US-derived intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics in preoperatively differentiating follicular thyroid adenomas from adenocarcinomas, thereby contributing to the ongoing discussion regarding this challenging distinction.
Methods: In total, 195 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with thyroid follicular neoplasm were retrospectively enrolled in this study.
For pedunculated colon polyps, en bloc resection with inclusion of the polyp stalk is necessary to yield an accurate histologic staging. This can be challenging in cases of a large polyp and/or broad stalk using conventional snare resection. We evaluated the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for large pedunculated polyps with broad stalks.
Aim: The term 'intramucosal carcinoma' in the colorectum is controversial when used as a synonym for high-grade dysplasia. However, setting clear definitions for this diagnosis (i.e.
