Thyroglobulin (TG) is a dimeric glycoprotein produced exclusively by mature thyroid tissue and stored within the follicular lumen. It is essential for the organification of iodine and the production of thyroid hormones. The concentration of TG in the bloodstream varies between individuals and depends on factors such as thyroid mass, stimulation of the gland by thyrotropin or autoantibodies, and tissue destruction. TG is essential to monitor patients with differentiated thyroid cancer; however, its use is not limited only to this clinical entity. Measurement of circulating TG can provide better insight into numerous clinical scenarios, such as destructive thyroiditis, presence of ectopic thyroid tissue, thyroid trauma, factitious thyrotoxicosis, or iodine nutrition. Lately, TG has found its new clinical use in immune checkpoint-related thyroid dysfunction. TG measurement should be performed carefully in patients with antithyroglobulin antibodies due to possible laboratory interferences. In this review, we offer a summary of current knowledge about the clinical use of TG and the implications it brings to daily practice.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208243 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03658-3 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Combinatory actions of cytokines induce M2-like macrophages in anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Am J Cancer Res
December 2024
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a lethal endocrine malignancy. It has been shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to the aggressiveness of ATC. However, stimulatory factors that could facilitate the induction and infiltration of TAMs in the ATC tumor microenvironment (TME) are not fully elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe glycoprotein hormones of humans, produced in the pituitary and acting through receptors in the gonads to support reproduction and in the thyroid gland for metabolism, have co-evolved from invertebrate counterparts . These hormones are heterodimeric cystine-knot proteins; and their receptors bind the cognate hormone at an extracellular domain and transmit the signal of this binding through a transmembrane domain that interacts with a heterotrimeric G protein. Structures determined for the human receptors as isolated for cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) are all monomeric despite compelling evidence for their functioning as dimers .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHead and neck automatic multi-organ segmentation on Dual-Energy Computed Tomography.
Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol
October 2024
Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, U1030, 94800 Villejuif, France.
Background And Purpose: Deep-learning-based automatic segmentation is widely used in radiation oncology to delineate organs-at-risk. Dual-energy CT (DECT) allows the reconstruction of enhanced contrast images that could help with manual and auto-delineation. This paper presents a performance evaluation of a commercial auto-segmentation software on image series generated by a DECT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThyroid Dysfunction After Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and PD⁃1 Inhibitor Treatment for Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.
Ther Clin Risk Manag
January 2025
Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: Analyze the incidence and risk factors of thyroid dysfunction in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and PD⁃1 inhibitor treatment and their relationship with treatment efficacy and prognosis.
Methods: Eighty-five LA-NPC patients treated with IMRT and PD-1 inhibitors were retrospectively collected from March 1, 2019, to May 30, 2022. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction after combination therapy was analyzed.
Risk Factors Predicting Outcomes in Advanced Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Gastroenterology Res
December 2024
Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have moved to the frontline in recent years to manage upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tumors, such as esophageal and gastric cancers. This retrospective review sheds light on real-world data on ICI-treated UGI tumors to identify risk factors (clinical and pathological) impacting the outcome other than traditional biomarkers (programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or microsatellite instability status).
Methods: Patients with UGI tumors who received at least one dose of ICI for stage IV or recurrent disease between January 1, 2015, and July 31, 2021, at The Ohio State University were included in the study.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!