Anopheles sarpangensis Somboon, Namgay & Harbach is described as a new species of the Barbirostris Complex of the subgenus Anopheles Meigen. The adults differ from other species of the complex in having wings with a prehumeral pale spot on the costa, foretarsomere 1 with an apical pale band more than half as long as foretarsomere 5, midtarsomeres 1 and 2, and occasionally 3 and 4, with incomplete apical pale bands, and abdominal sterna with many white scales as in An. campestris Reid, An. saeungae Taai & Harbach, and An. wejchoochotei Taai & Harbach. The pupa and larva are indistinguishable from the pupae and larvae of other species of the complex. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that COI sequences form a clade separate from clades consisting of the sequences of other species of the complex. The immature stages were commonly found in fishery ponds in foothills at low to moderately high altitudes in the Sarpang District of Bhutan.
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