Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile is a major bacterial cause of post-antibiotic diarrhoea. The epidemiology of C. difficile infections (CDIs) has dramatically changed since the early 2000s, with an increasing incidence and severity across Europe. This trend is partly due to the emergence and rapid worldwide spread of the hypervirulent and epidemic PCR ribotype 027. Profiles of patients with CDI have also evolved, with description of community-acquired (CA) infections in patients with no traditional risk factors for CDI. However, epidemiological studies indicated that some European countries have successfully controlled the dissemination of the 027 clone whereas other countries reported the emergence of other virulent or unusual strains. The aims of this review are to summarize the current European CDI epidemiology and to describe the new virulent C. difficile strains circulating in Europe, as well as other potential emerging strains described elsewhere. Standardized typing methods and surveillance programmes are mandatory for a better understanding and monitoring of CDI in Europe.
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Background infection (CDI) is a severe infection that needs to be monitored. This infection predominantly occurs in hospitalised patients after antimicrobial treatment, with high mortality in elderly patients.AimWe aimed at estimating the incidence of CDI in Italian hospitals over 4 months in 2022.
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Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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- Strains of sequence type (ST) 37, especially PCR ribotype (RT) 017, are common in mainland China, prompting a study on their virulence factors.
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Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28039, Madrid, Spain.
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Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, IMPG, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address:
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[Molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance of isolated from children in China].
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi
September 2024
National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
To understand molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance of () isolated from children in China, and provide data support the development of disease risk assessment and burden studies. A total of 155 strains of isolated from children aged <12 years in 14 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China from 2010 to 2023 were used for the analyses on molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance of by PCR and drug susceptibility test. A total of 26 sequence types (STs) and 18 ribotypes (RTs) were identified in the 155 isolates, in which ST3 (20.
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