Exosomes are natural extracellular vesicles that play a key role in inter- and intracellular communication. Currently they are considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various diseases. In osteoimmunology, exosomes can serve as biomarkers of bone homeostasis disorders and, at the same time, promising therapeutic agents with high stability in the biological environment, low immunogenicity and good bioavailability. In this review, we attempted to examine exosomes as natural mediators of intercellular communication, playing an essential role in the interaction of the immune system and bone tissue, based on an analysis of the PubMed database up to October 2023.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1309015 | DOI Listing |
Immun Inflamm Dis
September 2024
Kunming Medical University School of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
Background: Bone regeneration is a well-regulated dynamic process, of which the prominent role of the immune system on bone homeostasis is more and more revealed by recent research. Before fully activation of the bone remodeling cells, the immune system needs to clean up the microenvironment in facilitating the bone repair initiation. Furthermore, this microenvironment must be maintained properly by various mechanisms over the entire bone regeneration process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegen Biomater
February 2024
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
In the bone immune microenvironment, immune cells can regulate osteoblasts through a complex communication network. Macrophages play a central role in mediating immune osteogenesis, exosomes derived from them have osteogenic regulation and can be used as carriers in bone tissue engineering. However, there are problems with exosomal therapy alone, such as poor targeting, and the content of loaded molecules cannot reach the therapeutic concentration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2024
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia.
Exosomes are natural extracellular vesicles that play a key role in inter- and intracellular communication. Currently they are considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various diseases. In osteoimmunology, exosomes can serve as biomarkers of bone homeostasis disorders and, at the same time, promising therapeutic agents with high stability in the biological environment, low immunogenicity and good bioavailability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
March 2023
Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
The immune system is closely linked to bone homeostasis and plays a pivotal role in several pathological and inflammatory conditions. Through various pathways it modulates various bone cells and subsequently sustains the physiological bone metabolism. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of heterogeneous immature myeloid-derived cells that can exert an immunosuppressive function through a direct cell-to-cell contact, secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines or specific exosomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
March 2023
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
Bone implant outcome and bone regeneration properties can be improved by the immunomodulation of exosomes (Exos) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which contain cytokines, signaling lipids, and regulatory miRNAs. Analysis of miRNAs in BMSCs-derived exosomes showed that miR-21a-5p exhibited the highest expression and was associated with the NF-κB pathway. Hence, we developed an implant with miR-21a-5p functionality to promote bone incorporation by immunoregulation.
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