This article introduces a miniaturized dual-band multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with wide bandwidth and high isolation. The design incorporates ground plane modifications and utilizes metamaterials to achieve dual-band operation in the millimeter wave spectrum for 5G applications, specifically operating at the 28/38 GHz frequency bands. The proposed antenna maintains its dual-band functionality despite its compact size of 3.8 [Formula: see text] 3.7 [Formula: see text] 0.787 [Formula: see text] (without the feed line). The antenna is fabricated on a Rogers RT5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.787 mm and with relative permittivity [Formula: see text] = 2.2. The MIMO system comprises two symmetric radiating elements positioned in close proximity, resulting in mutual coupling levels of [Formula: see text] 20 dB and [Formula: see text] 12 dB at 25 GHz and 37 GHz, respectively. Modifications are made to the ground length to enhance the isolation at the higher frequency band while embedding metamaterials effectively reduces the coupling at the lower frequency band. The incorporation of metamaterials leads to an enhanced bandwidth from 3.8 to 4.8 GHz in the desired lower band (24-28.8 GHz) and from 3.8 to 4.2 GHz in the higher band (36.6-40.8 GHz). The proposed system can operate across the 28/38 GHz bands using a compact design, thus offering reasonable isolation, an envelope correlation coefficient below 0.0001, and a significant diversity gain (> 9.99 dB). These attributes emphasize the system's suitability for 5G millimeter-wave cellular communications.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10761735 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50446-0 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Redox Status-Selective Imaging of Iron in Vegetative and Pathogenic Fungal Cells Using Fluorescent Dyes Synthesized Via Simple Chemical Reactions.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact
January 2025
Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz, Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Iron plays a prominent role in various biological processes and is an essential element in almost all organisms, including plant-pathogenic fungi. As a transition element, iron occurs in two redox states, Fe and Fe, the transition between which generates distinct reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as HO, OH anions, and toxic OH· radicals. Thus, the redox status of Fe determines ROS formation in pathogen attack and plant defense and governs the outcome of pathogenic interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA novel Complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy Yager aggregation operators and their applications in environmental engineering.
Heliyon
January 2025
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Improving human health and comfort in buildings requires efficient temperature regulation. Temperature control system has a significant contribution in minimizing the impact of climate change. Temperature control system is used in industry to control temperature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA first principles study of convection cells to shear flow instability in 2D Yukawa liquids driven by Reynolds stress.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Institute for Plasma Research, HBNI, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428, India.
The stability of kinetic-level convection cells (wherein the magnitude of macroscopic and microscopic velocities are of same order) is studied in a two-dimensional Yukawa liquid under the effect of microscopic velocity perturbations. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that for a given system aspect ratio β viz., the ratio of system length [Formula: see text] to its height [Formula: see text] and number of convective rolls initiated [Formula: see text], the fate of the convective cells is decided by [Formula: see text].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemical evolution characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater in the saline and fresh water funnel area in Hengshui City, North China.
Sci Rep
January 2025
School of Urban Geology and Engineering, Hebei GEO University, 050031, Shijiazhuang, China.
Both over-exploitation and exploitation reduction of groundwater can alter the conditions of groundwater recharge and discharge, thereby impacting the overall quality of groundwater. This study utilizes hydrogeochemical methods and statistical analysis to explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater chemistry in the saline-freshwater funnel area of Hengshui City under exploitation reduction. The results showed that: With the exception of the deep freshwater funnel area in the western region, which exhibits a trend of water quality deterioration (Cl accounted for more than 25%), groundwater quality in the other funnel areas demonstrates an improving trend (HCO[Formula: see text] accounted for more than 25%).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptical band gap modulation in functionalized chitosan biopolymer hybrids using absorption and derivative spectrum fitting methods: A spectroscopic analysis.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
In this study, biopolymer composites based on chitosan (CS) with enhanced optical properties were functionalized using Manganese metal complexes and black tea solution dyes. The results indicate that CS with Mn-complexes can produce polymer hybrids with high absorption, high refractive index and controlled optical band gaps, with a significant reduction from 6.24 eV to 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!