In psychiatric hospitals confusional states are frequent and represent about 20% of requests for EEG's. This study, covering a one year period, at S-Jean de Dieu psychiatric hospital in Lyon, revealed among all EEG's carried out for a confusional state the existence of a high proportion of pathological signs (59%). Etiological research demonstrates that a large proportion of these patients is diagnosed as senile dementia. Nevertheless, even if pure organic causes are rare, EEG remains an indispensable complement to clinical practice.
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Sleep
October 2024
Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Neurophysiol Clin
July 2024
Service de Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, DMU DREAM, APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1144, F-75006, Paris, France. Electronic address:
Objectives: Acute confusional state (ACS) is a common cause of admission to the emergency department (ED). It can be related to numerous etiologies. Electroencephalography (EEG) can show specific abnormalities in cases of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), or metabolic or toxic encephalopathy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Sleep Res
May 2024
Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Non-rapid eye movement parasomnia disorders, also called disorders of arousal, are characterized by abnormal nocturnal behaviours, such as confusional arousals or sleep walking. Their pathophysiology is not yet fully understood, and objective diagnostic criteria are lacking. It is known, however, that behavioural episodes occur mostly in the beginning of the night, after an increase in slow-wave activity during slow-wave sleep.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCortex
October 2022
Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
Confusional arousal is the milder expression of a family of disorders known as Disorders of Arousal (DOA) from non-REM sleep. These disorders are characterized by recurrent abnormal behaviors that occur in a state of reduced awareness for the external environment. Despite frequent amnesia for the nocturnal events, when actively probed, patients are able to report vivid hallucinatory/dream-like mental imagery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpileptic Disord
August 2022
Department of Neurology
Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) can cause non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), but account for less than 5% of all NCSE cases. We present a 63-year-old, right-handed male with a history of intractable focal epilepsy since age seven years old, whose bouts of NCSE were triggered by cannabidiol (CBD) adjunctive therapy. His most common seizure types included focal myoclonic or tonic seizures with vocalization, usually with awakening, which occurred on a monthly basis despite the combination of tiagabine, perampanel, levetiracetam, lacosamide and clonazepam.
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