In the heart of the emerald expanse of rural Brazil, where I spent my childhood in a humble village, a chilling legend clung to the corners of every home, whispering of a blighted lineage. This unfortunate family bore a strange malady-a gradual forfeiture of their ability to walk-a lamentable curse that extended its icy fingers through 5 harrowed generations.
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A novel ADP-directed chaperone function facilitates the ATP-driven motor activity of SARS-CoV helicase.
Nucleic Acids Res
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Single-Molecule and Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
Helicase is a nucleic acid motor that catalyses the unwinding of double-stranded (ds) RNA and DNA via ATP hydrolysis. Helicases can act either as a nucleic acid motor that unwinds its ds substrates or as a chaperone that alters the stability of its substrates, but the two activities have not yet been reported to act simultaneously. Here, we used single-molecule techniques to unravel the synergistic coordination of helicase and chaperone activities, and found that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus helicase (nsp13) is capable of two modes of action: (i) binding of nsp13 in tandem with the fork junction of the substrate mechanically unwinds the substrate by an ATP-driven synchronous power stroke; and (ii) free nsp13, which is not bound to the substrate but complexed with ADP in solution, destabilizes the substrate through collisions between transient binding and unbinding events with unprecedented melting capability.
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Front Plant Sci
January 2025
National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
Nitrogen deficiency is a key constraint on crop yield. Cassava, the world's sixth-largest food crop and a crucial source of feed and industrial materials, can thrive in marginal soils, yet its yield is still significantly affected by limited nitrogen availability. Investigating cassava's response mechanisms to nitrogen scarcity is therefore essential for advancing molecular breeding and identifying nitrogen-efficient varieties.
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Diabetol Int
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Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8603 Japan.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic disease, and the development of animal models by selective breeding is crucial for understanding its etiology, pathophysiology, complications, and treatments. We recently developed a new T2D model, the Oikawa-Nagao (ON) mouse, by selectively breeding mice with inferior glucose tolerance [diabetes-prone (ON mouse DP®; ON-DP) strain] and superior glucose tolerance [diabetes-resistant (ON mouse DR®; ON-DR) strain] on a high-fat diet. ON-DP mice are predisposed to develop diabetes and obesity after being fed a high-fat diet, compared to ON-DR mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity.
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Universidade Federal da Bahia Instituto de Ciências da Saúde SalvadorBA Brasil Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Gender identity refers to one's psychological sense of their own gender. Establishing gender identity is a complex phenomenon, and the diversity of gender expression challenges simplistic or unified explanations. For this reason, the extent to which it is determined by nature (biological) or nurture (social) is still debatable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Genomics Revolution Drives a New Era in Entomology.
Annu Rev Entomol
January 2025
Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; email:
Thanks to the fast development of sequencing techniques and bioinformatics tools, sequencing the genome of an insect species for specific research purposes has become an increasingly popular practice. Insect genomes not only provide sets of gene sequences but also represent a change in focus from reductionism to systemic biology in the field of entomology. Using insect genomes, researchers are able to identify and study the functions of all members of a gene family, pathway, or gene network associated with a trait of interest.
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