Neonatal Paratesticular Abscess as the Greatest Mimicker of Testicular Torsion.

Introduction: The management of acute scrotal swelling can be challenging in neonatal age, with scrotal abscess being great mimickers of testicular torsion.

Case Presentation: We report a 12-day-old previously healthy male infant who presented with 72 h of increasing right-sided scrotal swelling, without fever or irritable behavior. The left testicle was palpable, but the right side was too swollen to palpate a testicle, with absent cremasteric reflex. Biochemical analysis was normal and Doppler sonography demonstrated a hypoechogenic avascular lesion compressing the right testis, without intratesticular flow. Due to these findings, surgical exploration was undertaken on suspicion of potential testicular torsion. Purulent material was encountered and cultured. The testis and epididymis were covered by thick necrotic fibrinous exudate, with no spermatic cord torsion. Gentamicin and vancomycin were begun immediately. The patient remained afebrile and the scrotal induration gradually subsided. Urine and blood cultures were sterile. On the second postoperative day, cultures yielded Escherichia coli sensitive to gentamicin. One-month follow-up testicular ultrasound demonstrated complete inflammation resolution.

Conclusion: Paratesticular abscess may be considered as the greatest mimicker of testicular neonatal torsion, due to the frequent absence of classical signs of inflammation. Early surgical exploration can be diagnostic and therapeutic and should be performed in these cases.