Activated carbon fibers functionalized with superhydrophilic coated pDA/TiO/SiO with photoluminescent self-cleaning properties for efficient oil-water separation.

The adhesion of high-viscosity oil contamination poses limitations on three-dimensional (3D) materials' practical use in treating oilfield-produced water (OPW). In this study, we developed a hybrid pDA/TiO/SiO coating (PTS) on the surface of hydrophilic activated carbon (ACF) through a combination of dopamine (DA) polymerization, ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) hydrolysis, and the condensation of TiO nanoparticles (NPs) with SiO NPs. This coating was designed for gravity-based oil-water separation. The inherent porosity and generous pore size of ACF-PTS conferred it an ultra-high permeation flux (pure water flux of 3.72 × 10 L∙m∙h), allowing it to effectively separate simulated oil-water mixtures and oil-water emulsions while maintaining exceptional permeation flux and oil rejection efficiency. When compared to cleaning methods involving ethanol aqueous solutions and NaClO, ultraviolet (UV) illumination cleaning proved superior, enabling oil-contaminated ACF-PTS to exhibit remarkable flux recovery efficiency and oil-removal capabilities during cyclic separation of actual OPW. Furthermore, the ACF-PTS material demonstrated impressive stability and durability when exposed to acidic environments (acid, alkali, and salt), robust hydraulic washout conditions, and 25-cycle tests. This study offers valuable insights and research avenues for the development of highly efficient and environmentally friendly 3D oil-water separation materials for the actual treatment of OPW.