Contiguous Silver(I)-Mediated Base Pairs of Imidazophenanthroline and Canonical Nucleobases in DNA Duplexes: Formation of Classical Duplexes versus Homodimer Formation.

Metal-mediated base pairs represent a topical alternative to canonical hydrogen-bonded base pairs. In this context, the ligand 1-imidazo[4,5-][1,10]phenanthroline () was introduced as an artificial nucleobase in a glycol nucleic acid-based nucleoside analogue into a DNA oligonucleotide in a way that the oligonucleotide contains a central block of six contiguous residues. The ability to engage in Ag-mediated base pairing was evaluated with respect to the four canonical nucleosides in positions complementary to . Highly stabilizing Ag-mediated base pairs were formed with cytosine and guanine (i.e., -Ag- and -Ag- base pairs), whereas the analogous base pairs with thymine and adenine were much less stable and hence formed incompletely. Surprisingly, the intermediate formation of a homodimeric duplex of the -containing oligonucleotide was observed in all cases, albeit to a different extent. The homodimer is composed of -Ag- base pairs and 18 overhanging mismatched canonical nucleobases. It demonstrates the obstacles present when designing metal-mediated base pairs as metal complexation may take place irrespective of the surrounding natural base pairs. Homodimer formation was found to be particularly prominent when the designated metal-mediated base pairs are of low stability, suggesting that homodimers and regular duplexes are formed in a competing manner.