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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Breastfeeding, and Progression to Type 2 Diabetes: Why Is It So Hard to Achieve the Protective Benefits of Breastfeeding? A Narrative Review.
Nutrients
December 2024
Department of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) face a significantly heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life. Breastfeeding (BF) has been identified as a potential strategy to delay or prevent T2DM; however, women with GDM often encounter barriers in initiating and maintaining adequate BF practices compared to those with uncomplicated pregnancies. This paradox prompts an exploration into the causes of these BF challenges and considers the possibility of reverse causation: Does prolonged and intensive BF mitigate the risk of subsequent glucose dysregulation and T2DM? Alternatively, do women with compromised insulin secretion and sensitivity, who are predisposed to T2DM, struggle to sustain intensive BF practices? This narrative review aims to explore the interplay between GDM, BF, and T2DM development by examining the different factors that present BF challenges among women with GDM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Challenging Process of Developing an Antenatal Social Intervention for Parents From Culturally Diverse Backgrounds to Reduce Postnatal Distress: A Participatory Action Research Study.
Health Expect
February 2025
Department of Mental Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
Background: A lack of social support contributes to women from culturally diverse backgrounds experiencing higher rates of perinatal distress and lower rates of service engagement.
Objective/methods: This participatory action research study aimed to understand what a culturally appropriate social intervention may look like for pregnant women from culturally diverse backgrounds. Field notes and qualitative transcripts were descriptively synthesised.
Paradoxical improvement in exercise tolerance and peak VO2 consumption after treatment with ivabradine and beta-blockers in a patient with mild dilated cardiomyopathy and inappropriate sinus tachycardia-a case report.
Eur Heart J Case Rep
January 2025
Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Background: Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is a rare conduction disorder in athletes associated with ventricular dyssynchrony, which can lead to left ventricular systolic dysfunction and exercise intolerance. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is characterized by an excessive heart rate (HR) that is not related to physiological needs, often resulting in reduced exercise capacity. Managing these conditions in athletes can be challenging, as standard treatments like beta-blockers and ivabradine, while effective in controlling HR, are described to be associated with a reduction in maximal exercise performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFC photosynthesis and hydraulics in grasses.
New Phytol
January 2025
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
The anatomical reorganization required for C photosynthesis should also impact plant hydraulics. Most C plants possess large bundle sheath cells and high vein density, which should also lead to higher leaf capacitance and hydraulic conductance (K). Paradoxically, the C pathway reduces water demand and increases water use efficiency, creating a potential mismatch between supply capacity and demand in C plant water relations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImplementing an AI algorithm in the clinical setting: a case study for the accuracy paradox.
Eur Radiol
December 2024
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Objectives: We report our experience implementing an algorithm for the detection of large vessel occlusion (LVO) for suspected stroke in the emergency setting, including its performance, and offer an explanation as to why it was poorly received by radiologists.
Materials And Methods: An algorithm was deployed in the emergency room at a single tertiary care hospital for the detection of LVO on CT angiography (CTA) between September 1st-27th, 2021. A retrospective analysis of the algorithm's accuracy was performed.
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