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Tbx1 haploinsufficiency leads to local skull deformity, paraflocculus and flocculus dysplasia, and motor-learning deficit in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
Neurodevelopmental disorders are thought to arise from intrinsic brain abnormalities. Alternatively, they may arise from disrupted crosstalk among tissues. Here we show the local reduction of two vestibulo-cerebellar lobules, the paraflocculus and flocculus, in mouse models and humans with 22q11.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFLOCCULAR SYNDROME- AN ATYPICAL PRESENTATION OF PARANEOPLASTIC CEREBELLAR DEGENERATION.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad
December 2024
Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi-Pakistan.
The flocculus, a small and distinct region of the cerebellum, plays a crucial role in coordinating eye movements, especially in stabilizing visual images on the retina during head movements. Damage or lesions in the flocculus can lead to a specific neurological syndrome called floccular syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by abnormalities in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which helps coordinate eye movements with head movements to maintain clear vision.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Indirect Pathway from the Rat Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal to the Vestibulocerebellum Involved in Vertical Gaze Holding.
eNeuro
November 2024
Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
The neural network, including the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC), functions as an oculomotor neural integrator involved in the control of vertical gaze holding. Impairment of the vestibulocerebellum (VC), including the flocculus (FL), has been shown to affect vertical gaze holding, indicating that the INC cooperates with the VC in controlling this function. However, a network between the INC and VC has not been identified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamic balance and gait impairments in Parkinson's disease: novel cholinergic patterns.
Brain Commun
August 2024
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-9755, USA.
The cholinergic system has been implicated in postural deficits, in particular falls, in Parkinson's disease (PD). Falls and freezing of gait typically occur during dynamic and challenging balance and gait conditions, such as when initiating gait, experiencing postural perturbations, or making turns. However, the precise cholinergic neural substrate underlying dynamic postural and gait changes remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlastic vasomotion entrainment.
Elife
April 2024
Super-network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
The presence of global synchronization of vasomotion induced by oscillating visual stimuli was identified in the mouse brain. Endogenous autofluorescence was used and the vessel 'shadow' was quantified to evaluate the magnitude of the frequency-locked vasomotion. This method allows vasomotion to be easily quantified in non-transgenic wild-type mice using either the wide-field macro-zoom microscopy or the deep-brain fiber photometry methods.
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