Understanding the characterization of a tailored CoO spinel with Fe doping poses a challenge due to the surface state complexity in bifunctional catalysts with higher cation diversity. Doping with secondary metal results in a double spinel structure (a hybrid of normal and inverted spinels). This enhances the catalytic properties by generating more active oxygen vacancies. The cobalt-rich (FeCoO) hybrid spinel and iron-rich (CoFeO) inverted spinel are synthesized using a wet impregnation method, supported over oxidized SiC (SiC-Pretrt) for an improved metal-support interaction. FeCoO on pretreated SiC exhibits the highest catalytic activity (90% conversion at 1173 K) and stability (over 100 h) in sulfuric acid decomposition of the iodine-sulfur process for hydrogen production. This improved performance is attributed to the high electronegativity of Co, oxygen vacancies, and strong metal-support interaction. The high electronegativity of Co weakens the S-O bond in M-S-O, enhancing the catalytic activity of the spinels. These results are further corroborated by detailed characterization and density functional theory calculations.
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