Tracheostomy tube changes in patients with tracheostomy: A quality improvement project.

Background: Tracheostomy tube changes are a considerable part of the management of patients with tracheostomy and are necessary for preventing aspiration pneumonia, especially in patients with long-term tracheostomy. The process of tracheostomy tube changes in many patients may not be timely, safe or efficient.

Aim: The objectives were to implement a quality improvement intervention that reduces the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in patients with tracheostomy, improve staff knowledge about tracheostomy tube changes and improve staff adherence to documentation.

Methods: A pre-post intervention design was used in this quality improvement project. We created a change strategy bundle that included identification of the need for and observation determination of the timing of tube changes timing, change assessments, identification of the person and location, preparation, co-operation and maintenance. A tracheostomy tube change workflow was also created. Then, the intervention was implemented in the clinic after staff training. The incidence of aspiration pneumonia, staff knowledge and staff adherence were compared before and after the intervention.

Results: Two hundred and 20 patients were enrolled (105 in the preintervention group; 115 in the postintervention group) with 88 tracheostomy tube change episodes (23 in the preintervention group; 65 in the postintervention group). Thirty-five staff members completed the training and surveys. The incidence of pneumonia decreased from 43.8% to 27.8% after the intervention (p = .013). The knowledge score of staff increased from 46.57 ± 11.10 to 88.14 ± 6.76, and the implementation rate of the audit increased to 67.32%-100%.

Conclusions: This quality improvement project regarding tracheostomy changes reduced the incidence of pneumonia, increased staff knowledge about tracheostomy tube changes and improved staff adherence.

Relevance To Clinical Practice: A standardized tracheostomy tube change bundle, education, interprofessional collaboration and culture changes were important to ensure the best outcomes in this quality improvement project. These factors improved the timeliness, efficiency and safety of tracheostomy tube changes.