AI Article Synopsis
- The study examines the declining trend in Indian summer monsoon precipitation (ISMP) during the late 20th century, focusing on the impact of increased sulfate aerosols in South Asia.
- Using advanced climate modeling, the research analyzes how these aerosols affected ISMP during different climate events, specifically the 2010 La Niña (excess precipitation) and 2015 El Niño (deficit precipitation).
- Findings indicate that sulfate aerosols significantly reduce ISMP by cooling the atmosphere and affecting convection and moisture transport, highlighting the urgent need for cleaner energy solutions to mitigate these effects and better manage water resources in South Asia.
Article Abstract
A declining trend in Indian summer monsoon precipitation (ISMP) in the latter half of the 20th century is a scientifically challenging and societally relevant research issue. Heavy aerosol loading over India is one of the key factors in modulating the ISMP. Using the state-of-the-state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model, ECHAM6-HAMMOZ, the impacts of South Asian anthropogenic sulfate aerosols on the Indian summer monsoon precipitation were investigated against: (1) 2010 La Niña (excess monsoon), (2) 2015 El Niño (deficit monsoon) in comparison to (3) normal monsoon 2016. Sensitivity simulations were designed with 48% enhancement in South Asian SO emissions based on a trend estimated from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations during 2006-2017. The model simulations showed that sulfate aerosols reduce ISMP by 27.5%-43.3 %, while simulations without sulfate loading enhanced ISMP by 23% in 2010 La Niña and reduction by 35% in 2015 El Niño. This paper reports that sulfate aerosols loading over India reduce precipitation by aerosol-induced direct and indirect effects by inducing atmospheric cooling, weakening in the convection, and reduction in moisture transport to Indian landmass. This paper emphasizes the necessity of alternate use of energy to reduce sulfate aerosol emissions to solve water issues in South Asia.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123175 | DOI Listing |
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