Department of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland.
Published: December 2023
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Article Abstract
Fever-range hyperthermia (FRH) is utilized in chronic disease treatment and serves as a model for fever's thermal component investigation. Macrophages, highly susceptible to heat, play a pivotal role in various functions determined by their polarization state. However, it is not well recognized whether this process can be modulated by FRH. To address this, we used two different macrophage cell lines that were treated with FRH. Next, to define macrophage phenotype, we examined their functional surface markers CD80 and CD163, intracellular markers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase-1 (Arg-1), and the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Additionally, in FRH-treated cells, we analyzed an expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and its role in macrophage polarization. We also checked whether FRH can switch the polarization of macrophages in pro-inflammatory condition triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). FRH induced M2-like polarization, evident in increased CD163, IL-10, and Arg-1 expression. Notably, elevated COX-2, TNF-α, and TLR-4 indicated potential pro-inflammatory properties, suggesting polarization towards the M2b phenotype. Additionally, FRH shifted lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 polarization to an M2-like phenotype, reducing antimicrobial molecules (ROS and NO). In summary, FRH emerged as a modulator favoring M2-like macrophage polarization, even under pro-inflammatory conditions, showcasing its potential therapeutic relevance.
HCC cell immune escape is a critical element in the evolution of HCC malignancy. Herein, the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA NEAT1 in regulating HCC immune escape was investigated. Exosomes were isolated from M2 TAMs using ExoQuick-TC.
Asthma, is a common, significant and diverse condition marked by persistent airway inflammation, with a major impact on human health worldwide. The predisposing factors for asthma are complex and widespread. The beneficial effects of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in asthma have increasingly attracted attention recently.
In the ongoing quest for new treatments in medicine, traditional Chinese medicine offers unique insights and potential. Recently, studies on the ability of to inhibit M2-type tumour-associated macrophage polarisation by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway to suppress liver cancer have undoubtedly revealed new benefits and hope for this field of research. The purpose of this article is to comment on this study and explore its strengths and weaknesses, thereby providing ideas for the future treatment of liver cancer.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with highly malignant and aggressive, still faces challenges in treatment due to the single treatment and side effects. It is urgent to develop an advanced theranostic platform against TNBC. Herein, an "all-in-one" nano-system Au/Cu nanodots/doxorubicin@nanospheres (Au/CuNDs/DOX@NS) with dual-responsive properties was designed for dual-mode imaging-guided combination treatment of TNBC.
Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan. Electronic address:
Streptococcus oralis is a commensal oral bacterium that acts as an opportunistic pathogen, causing systemic diseases, such as infective endocarditis and aspiration pneumonia. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its transition from commensal to pathogenic state remain unclear. In this study, to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying virulence expression, we identified and characterized the cell surface-associated ecto-5'-nucleotidase (Nt5e) in S.
