Sanitisers are widely used in cleaning food-processing facilities, but their continued use may cause an increased resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Several genes have been attributed to the increased sanitiser resistance ability of . This study determined the presence of sanitiser resistance genes in Irish-sourced isolates and explored the association with phenotypic sanitiser resistance. The presence of three genes associated with sanitiser resistance and a three-gene cassette (, , , ) were determined in 150 isolates collected from Irish food-processing facilities. A total of 23 isolates contained , 42 isolates contained , one isolate contained , and all isolates contained . Additionally, 47 isolates were selected and grouped according to the number and type of resistance genes, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these isolates for benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was determined experimentally using the broth microdilution method. The BAC resistance of the strain carrying the gene cassette was significantly higher than that of strains lacking the gene cassette, and the BAC resistance of the strain carrying the gene was significantly higher than that of strains lacking the gene ( < 0.05). Isolates harbouring both the and genes did not show higher BAC resistance. With respect to environmental factors, there was no significant difference in MIC values for isolates recovered from different processing facilities. In summary, this investigation highlights the prevalence of specific sanitiser resistance genes in isolates from Irish food-processing settings. While certain genes correlated with increased resistance to benzalkonium chloride, the combination of multiple genes did not necessarily amplify this resistance.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11122989 | DOI Listing |
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