BLV-miR-B1-5p Promotes Adhesion to Mammary Epithelial Cells by Targeting MUC1.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is widely prevalent worldwide and can persistently infect mammary epithelial cells in dairy cows, leading to reduced cellular antimicrobial capacity. BLV-encoded microRNAs (BLV-miRNAs) can modify host genes and promote BLV replication. We previously showed that BLV-miR-B1-5p significantly promoted () adhesion to bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells; however, the pathway responsible for this effect remained unclear. This study aims to examine how BLV-miR-B1-5p promotes adhesion to MAC-T cells via miRNA target gene prediction and validation. Target site prediction showed that BLV-miR-B1-5p could target the mucin family gene mucin 1 (MUC1). Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and dual luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that BLV-miR-B1-5p could target and inhibit the expression of MUC1 in bovine MAC-T cells while interfering with the expression of MUC1 promoted adhesion to MAC-T cells. These results indicate that BLV-miR-B1-5p promotes adhesion to mammary epithelial cells by targeting MUC1.