Temporomandibular joint surgery: the past, present, and future.

Temporomandibular joint surgery for various pathological conditions and diseases affecting the integrity, mobility, and function of the joint has a long history. However, the greatest explosion of knowledge regarding the diagnosis and management of temporomandibular joint pain, pathology, and rehabilitation has occurred in the last 50 years. This review focuses on the incremental expansion of knowledge over time that led to the development of concepts that support our current surgical decisions and techniques, with the aim of identifying gaps in knowledge that require well-designed studies to move the field forward. Using this approach will allow an enhancement of our understanding of temporomandibular joint form and function, and enable focus to be placed on the evaluation, diagnosis, and non-surgical and surgical management strategies that are the most efficacious for our patients.