AI Article Synopsis
- The study assessed human and wild rodent infection rates of leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil to understand how transmission occurs in altered environments.
- Human participants showed significant rates of leishmanin skin test positivity (34.3%-56.3%) and scars indicative of ACL (12.2%-47.5%), with infection probability linked to age and exposure duration.
- Rodents exhibited high rates of asymptomatic infection and were likely contributing to ongoing human transmission, highlighting the connection between rodents, human habitats, and potential leishmaniasis spread.
Article Abstract
Background: Human and wild rodent infection rates with () are needed to differentiate transmission pathways in anthropogenically altered habitats.
Methods: Human participants in northeast Brazil were tested by the leishmanin skin test (LST) and inspected for lesions/scars characteristic of American clinical leishmaniasis (ACL). Molecular (PCR/qPCR) test records of free-ranging rodents were available from a concurrent capture-mark-recapture study. Force of Infection (λ) and recovery (ρ) rates were estimated from cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets.
Results: Cumulative prevalences of human LST+ves and ACL scar+ves were 0.343-0.563 ( = 503 participants) and 0.122-0.475 ( = 503), respectively. Active ACL lesions were not detected. Annual rates of LST conversions were λ = 0.03-0.15 and ρ = 0.02-0.07. The probability of infection was independent of sex and associated with increasing age in addition to the period of exposure. Rodents ( = 596 individuals of 6 species) showed high rates of exclusively asymptomatic infection (λ = 0.222/month) and potential infectiousness to the sand fly vector. Spatially concurrent rodent and household human infection prevalences were correlated.
Conclusions: Human exposure to () continues to be high despite the substantial drop in reported ACL cases in recent years. Spill-over transmission risk to humans from rodents in peridomestic habitats is likely supported by a rodent infection/transmission corridor linking houses, plantations, and the Atlantic Forest.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10746019 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121395 | DOI Listing |
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