The management of medulloblastoma in children has dramatically changed over the past four decades, with the development of chemotherapy protocols aiming at improving survival and reducing long-term toxicities of high-dose craniospinal radiotherapy. While the staging and treatment of medulloblastoma were until recently based on the modified Chang's system, recent advances in the molecular biology of medulloblastoma have revolutionized approaches in the management of this increasingly complex disease. The evolution of systemic therapies is described in this review.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13243680 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA.
The term Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is used to describe complex symptoms related to vascular compromise, which are typically exacerbated by cold-induced vasoconstriction, emotional stress, or other sympathomimetic factors. In almost all patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (SSc), the first symptom is RP, often two to five years before any other symptom of scleroderma. The clinical course and severity of this disease are variable and highly fatal in some individuals, which has led to the development of strategies for timely diagnosis; hence, criteria for the very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis have been established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham, USA.
Localized inflammatory reactions in patients with past procedural history of intradermal injections can quickly drive the clinician's attention towards a diagnosis of soft-tissue infection in the context of symptoms such as fever, malaise, and local induration of the adipose panniculus. However, in patients with a long-term history of granulomatous events, a rheumatologic approach must be taken into consideration when the clinical course overwhelms the odds for more conventional diagnoses. In this case, a 39-year-old female patient who underwent bilateral lower limbs intradermal filllers presented with a two-year clinical course of repetitive flares of external bilateral hip tenderness, pain that limits her walking, soft-tissue nodular inflammation, redness, fever and a soft mobile nonpainful right supraclavicular lymphadenopathy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Mal Respir
January 2025
Service de médecine interne, hôpital Habib Thameur, faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.
Otherwise known as mediastinal emphysema, pneumomediastinum (PNM) in connective tissue diseases is a rare clinical entity. Few cases have been described in the literature. In fact, it only exceptionally complicates the evolution of connective tissue diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosci Conscious
December 2024
Department of Philosophy, Institute of Technology Futures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Douglasstraße 24, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany.
We apply the methodology of no-go theorems as developed in physics to the question of artificial consciousness. The result is a no-go theorem which shows that under a general assumption, called dynamical relevance, Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that run on contemporary computer chips cannot be conscious. Consciousness is dynamically relevant, simply put, if, according to a theory of consciousness, it is relevant for the temporal evolution of a system's states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Cancer
December 2024
National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. Electronic address:
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, highly structured, and dynamic ecosystem that plays a pivotal role in the progression of both primary and metastatic tumors. Precise assessment of the dynamic spatiotemporal features of the TME is crucial for understanding cancer evolution and designing effective therapeutic strategies. Cancer is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease, influenced not only by the TME, but also by a multitude of systemic factors, including whole-body metabolism, gut microbiome, endocrine signaling, and circadian rhythm.
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