AI Article Synopsis
- WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play a significant role in producing secondary metabolites like betalains in plants, but their function in amaranth remains largely unexplored.
- A study identified 72 WRKY genes in the amaranth transcriptome and found three specific genes linked to betalain synthesis, demonstrating higher expression levels in the red amaranth variety compared to the green one.
- Through various genetic techniques, the research revealed that overexpressing one of the genes can enhance expression related to betalain production, suggesting potential pathways to boost these pigments in crops.
Article Abstract
Introduction: WRKY TFs (WRKY transcription factors) contribute to the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. Betalains are natural pigments that do not coexist with anthocyanins within the same plant. ('Suxian No.1') is an important leaf vegetable rich in betalains. However, the WRKY family members in amaranth and their roles in betalain synthesis and metabolism are still unclear.
Methods: To elucidate the molecular characteristics of the amaranth WRKY gene family and its role in betalain synthesis, WRKY gene family members were screened and identified using amaranth transcriptome data, and their physicochemical properties, conserved domains, phylogenetic relationships, and conserved motifs were analyzed using bioinformatics methods.
Results: In total, 72 WRKY family members were identified from the amaranth transcriptome. Three WRKY genes involved in betalain synthesis were screened in the phylogenetic analysis of WRKY TFs. RT-qPCR showed that the expression levels of these three genes in red amaranth 'Suxian No.1' were higher than those in green amaranth 'Suxian No.2' and also showed that the expression level of gene short-spliced transcript in Amaranth 'Suxian No.1' was higher than that of the complete sequence , so the short-spliced transcript was mainly expressed in 'Suxian No.2' amaranth. Moreover, the total expression levels of and were down-regulated after GA treatment, so was identified as a candidate gene. Therefore, the short splice variant cDNA sequence, gDNA sequence, and promoter sequence of were cloned, and the PRI 101-AN--EGFP vector was constructed to evaluate subcellular localization, revealing that is located in the nucleus. The overexpression vector pRI 101-AN--EGFP and VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) vector pTRV2- were transferred into leaves of 'Suxian No.1' by an -mediated method. The results showed that overexpression could promote the expression of and increase betalain synthesis. A yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated that could bind to the promoter to regulate betalain synthesis.
Discussion: This study lays a foundation for further exploring the function of in betalain metabolism.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10734031 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1300522 | DOI Listing |
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