Dynamic Human Brain Imaging with a Portable PET Camera: Comparison to a Standard Scanner.

Portable, cost-effective PET cameras can radically expand the applicability of PET. We present here a within-participant comparison of fully quantified [F]FDG dynamic scans in healthy volunteers using the standard Biograph mCT scanner and portable CerePET scanner. Each of 20 healthy volunteers underwent dynamic [F]FDG imaging with both scanners (1-154 d apart) and concurrent arterial blood sampling. Tracer SUV, net influx rate (K), and the corresponding cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMR) were quantified at regional and voxel levels. At the regional level, CerePET outcome measure estimates within participants robustly correlated with Biograph mCT estimates in the neocortex, wherein the average Pearson correlation coefficients across participants ± SD were 0.83 ± 0.07 (SUV) and 0.85 ± 0.08 (K and CMR). There was also strong agreement between CerePET and Biograph mCT estimates, wherein the average regression slopes across participants were 0.84 ± 0.17 (SUV), 0.83 ± 0.17 (K), and 0.85 ± 0.18 (CMR). There was similar bias across participants but higher correlation and less variability in subcortical regions than in cortical regions. Pearson correlation coefficients for subcortical regions equaled 0.97 ± 0.02 (SUV) and 0.97 ± 0.03 (K and CMR), and average regression slopes equaled 0.79 ± 0.14 (SUV), 0.83 ± 0.11 (K), and 0.86 ± 0.11 (CMR). In voxelwise assessment, CerePET and Biograph mCT estimates across outcome measures were significantly different only in a cluster of left frontal white matter. Our results indicate robust correlation and agreement between semi- and fully quantitative brain glucose metabolism measurements from portable CerePET and standard Biograph mCT scanners. The results obtained with a portable PET scanner in this comparison in humans require follow-up but lend confidence to the feasibility of more flexible and portable brain imaging with PET.