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Effects of Episodic Food Insecurity on Psychological and Physiological Responses in African American Women With Obesity (RESPONSES): Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • This study focuses on the link between food insecurity and obesity among African American women, highlighting that both issues are more prevalent in this demographic and can fluctuate between episodes of food adequacy and shortage.
  • Researchers enrolled 60 African American women with obesity to track changes in body weight, psychological well-being, and physiological parameters over a 22-week period, comparing responses from those who were food-secure versus food-insecure.
  • The study aims to understand how the stress of food insecurity affects body weight and psychological factors, hypothesizing that food-insecure participants will show greater weight gain and negative psychological changes compared to their food-secure counterparts.

Article Abstract

Background: Food insecurity is a risk factor for multiple chronic diseases, including obesity. Importantly, both food insecurity and obesity are more prevalent in African American women than in other groups. Furthermore, food insecurity is considered a cyclic phenomenon, with episodes of food adequacy (ie, enough food to eat) and food shortage (ie, not enough food to eat). More research is needed to better understand why food insecurity is linked to obesity, including acknowledging the episodic nature of food insecurity as a stressor and identifying underlying mechanisms.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the episodic nature of food insecurity as a stressor via responses in body weight and psychological and physiological parameters longitudinally and do so in a health-disparate population-African American women.

Methods: We enrolled 60 African American women (food-insecure cohort: n=30, 50%; food-secure cohort: n=30, 50%) aged 18-65 years with obesity (BMI 30-50 kg/m) to measure (1) daily body weight remotely over 22 weeks and (2) psychological and physiological parameters via clinic assessments at the beginning and end of the 22-week study. Furthermore, we are assessing episodes of food insecurity, stress, hedonic eating, and appetite on a weekly basis. We hypothesize that food-insecure African American women with obesity will demonstrate increased body weight and changes in psychological and physiological end points, whereas food-secure African American women with obesity will not. We are also examining associations between changes in psychological and physiological parameters and changes in body weight and performing a mediation analysis on the psychological parameters assessed at the study midpoint. Psychological questionnaires are used to assess stress; executive function, decision-making, and motivation; and affect and nonhomeostatic eating. Physiological measurements are used to evaluate the levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), C-reactive protein, thyroid hormones, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin, as well as allostatic load.

Results: This study has completed participant recruitment (n=60). At the time of study enrollment, the mean age of the participants was almost 47 (SD 10.8) years, and they had a mean BMI of 39.6 (SD 5.31) kg/m. All data are anticipated to be collected by the end of 2023.

Conclusions: We believe that this is the first study to examine changes in body weight and psychological and physiological factors in food-insecure African American women with obesity. This study has significant public health implications because it addresses the cyclic nature of food insecurity to identify underlying mechanisms that can be targeted to mitigate the adverse relationship between food insecurity and obesity and reduce health disparities in minority populations.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05076487; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05076487.

International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/52193.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10765303PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/52193DOI Listing

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