Treatment-seeking young people enrolled in a United States vaping cessation intervention trial report high frequency of use and nicotine dependence.

Objective: This study examines characteristics of participants enrolled in a vaping cessation intervention trial and study generalizability of the treatment-seeking sample to the broader population of young people interested in quitting vaping to evaluate dissemination of an evidence-based treatment program.

Methods: Data was obtained from 697 treatment-seeking participants (aged 13-24 years) from a vaping cessation intervention trial conducted between February and March 2023 with This is Quitting and 665 participants who expressed intent to quit vaping in the Truth Longitudinal Cohort, a nationally representative longitudinal study of United States youth and young adults (aged 15-24 years), collected October 2022 to February 2023. Comparisons were made using two-sample Pearson Chi-square tests and t-tests.

Results: Treatment-seeking young people were younger, less racially diverse, more diverse in sexual orientation, and reported higher psychological distress, frequency of e-cigarette use, and nicotine dependence, relative to the nationally representative sample of young people expressing intentions to quit vaping.

Conclusions: Participants enrolled in treatment reported higher levels of dependence and use frequency than the broader population, suggesting that many young e-cigarette users with lower dependence who want to quit might not be reached by current treatment dissemination efforts. The implication of these findings is that communications for vaping cessation programs may need to be adjusted to have broader appeal among young people.