AI Article Synopsis
- Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm) involved in intercellular communication and potential drug delivery but face challenges in sourcing and extraction.
- Milk is a rich source of these exosomes, which have been shown to help prevent and treat intestinal diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer by improving gut health and reducing oxidative stress.
- Future research is needed to standardize the production of milk-derived exosomes and conduct clinical studies to confirm their effectiveness as a drug delivery system for various diseases in humans and animals.
Article Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with the diameter of 30 ~ 150 nm, and are widely involved in intercellular communication, disease diagnosis and drug delivery carriers for targeted disease therapy. Therapeutic application of exosomes as drug carriers is limited due to the lack of sources and methods for obtaining adequate exosomes. Milk contains abundant exosomes, several studies have shown that milk-derived exosomes play crucial roles in preventing and treating intestinal diseases. In this review, we summarized the biogenesis, secretion and structure, current novel methods used for the extraction and identification of exosomes, as well as discussed the role of milk-derived exosomes in treating intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, colorectal cancer, and intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury by regulating intestinal immune homeostasis, restoring gut microbiota composition and improving intestinal structure and integrity, alleviating conditions such as oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and inflammation, and reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lysosome accumulation in both humans and animals. In addition, we discussed future prospects for the standardization of milk exosome production platform to obtain higher concentration and purity, and complete exosomes derived from milk. Several in vivo clinical studies are needed to establish milk-derived exosomes as an effective and efficient drug delivery system, and promote its application in the treatment of various diseases in both humans and animals.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10731872 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-023-02176-8 | DOI Listing |
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