AI Article Synopsis
- Dyneins are motor proteins that transport materials along microtubules toward their minus end, with cytoplasmic dynein (dynein-1) handling cargo transport and organelle anchoring in the cell.
- Dynein-1 plays key roles in nuclear migration during neuron development and in mitotic spindle orientation during cell division, while other types of dyneins are specifically involved in cilia function.
- The text also covers dynein-1's structure, mechanism, and regulation, alongside the roles of additional dynein motors and their accessory proteins in various cellular processes.
Article Abstract
Dyneins are a family of motor proteins that carry out motility and force generation functions towards the minus end of microtubule filaments. Cytoplasmic dynein (dynein-1) is responsible for transporting intracellular cargos in the retrograde direction in the cytoplasm, anchoring several organelles to the microtubule network, driving nuclear migration in developing neurons, and orienting the mitotic spindle in dividing cells. All other dyneins are localized to cilia. Similar to dynein-1, dynein-2 walks along microtubules and drives intraflagellar transport in the retrograde direction. Other ciliary dyneins are positioned between adjacent microtubule doublets of the axoneme and power ciliary beating by sliding microtubules relative to each other. In this primer, we first highlight the structure, mechanism, and regulation of dynein-1, which is the best-characterized member of the dynein motor family, and then describe the unique features and cellular roles of other dyneins. We also discuss accessory proteins that regulate the activation and motility of dynein motors in different cellular contexts.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.064 | DOI Listing |
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