AI Article Synopsis
- Host immune deficiencies and pathogen adhesion factors are crucial for understanding infections related to medical implants.
- The review highlights various bacterial and fungal pathogens that form biofilms on implants, emphasizing their complex interactions.
- The properties of the implant surface can either hinder or promote immune responses, leading to complications that affect the function of the implant and suggesting a need for improved coating technologies.
Article Abstract
Host impaired immunity and pathogens adhesion factors are the key elements in analyzing medical implant-associated infections (MIAI). The infection chances are further influenced by surface properties of implants. This review addresses the medical implant-associated pathogens and summarizes the etiology, pathology, and host-impaired immunity in MIAI. Several bacterial and fungal pathogens have been isolated from MIAI; together, they form cross-kingdom species biofilms and support each other in different ways. The adhesion factors initiate the pathogen's adherence on the implant's surface; however, implant-induced impaired immunity promotes the pathogen's colonization and biofilm formation. Depending on the implant's surface properties, immune cell functions get slow or get exaggerated and cause immunity-induced secondary complications resulting in resistant depression and immuno-incompetent fibro-inflammatory zone that compromise implant's performance. Such consequences lead to the unavoidable and straightforward conclusion for the downstream transformation of new ideas, such as the development of multifunctional implant coatings.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.024 | DOI Listing |
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