Background And Objective: No autochthonous human cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) have been reported to date in the European Union (EU). In this study, we assess the likelihood of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) introduction and transmission within the EU and propose outbreak response measures.
Risk Assessment: Given the global geographical distribution of JEV, the probability of virus introduction into the EU is currently very low, with viremic bird migration being the most plausible pathway of introduction. However, this likelihood would significantly increase if the virus were to become established in the Middle East, Caucasus, Central Asia or Africa. Considering the environmental conditions that are expected to be conducive for virus circulation, there is a high likelihood of virus transmission within the EU after its introduction in environmentally suitable areas. The spread of the virus within the EU would likely occur through the movement of wild birds, pigs and mosquitoes.
Mitigation: To mitigate or potentially contain the emergence of JE in the EU, early detection of both human and animal cases will be crucial.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zph.13103 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), belonging to the family. Diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis (JE) based on clinical signs alone is challenging due to the high proportion of subclinical cases. The Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) is considered the gold standard for detecting JE-specific antibodies because of its high specificity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Comprehensive Review of the Development and Therapeutic Use of Antivirals in Flavivirus Infection.
Viruses
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami/UHealth, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Flaviviruses are a diverse group of viruses primarily transmitted through hematophagous insects like mosquitoes and ticks. Significant expansion in the geographic range, prevalence, and vectors of flavivirus over the last 50 years has led to a dramatic increase in infections that can manifest as hemorrhagic fever or encephalitis, leading to prolonged morbidity and mortality. Millions of infections every year pose a serious threat to worldwide public health, encouraging scientists to develop a better understanding of the pathophysiology and immune evasion mechanisms of these viruses for vaccine development and antiviral therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentifying Allosteric Small-Molecule Binding Sites of Inactive NS2B-NS3 Proteases of Pathogenic .
Viruses
December 2024
Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0657, USA.
Dengue, West Nile, Zika, Yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis viruses persist as significant global health threats. The development of new therapeutic strategies based on inhibiting essential viral enzymes or viral-host protein interactions is problematic due to the fast mutation rate and rapid emergence of drug resistance. This study focuses on the NS2B-NS3 protease as a promising target for antiviral drug development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction of Vector-Borne Infections in Europe: Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Pathogens with Potential Impact on One Health.
Pathogens
January 2025
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
The rise and resurgence of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in Europe pose an expanding public health challenge, exacerbated by climate change, globalization, and ecological disruptions. Both arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) transmitted by ticks such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes like dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, and Japanese encephalitis have broadened their distribution due to rising temperatures, changes in rainfall, and increased human mobility. By emphasizing the importance of interconnected human, animal, and environmental health, integrated One Health strategies are crucial in addressing this complex issue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFlaviviruses-Induced Neurological Sequelae.
Pathogens
December 2024
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Flaviviruses, a group of single-stranded RNA viruses spread by mosquitoes or ticks, include several significant neurotropic viruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). These viruses can cause a range of neurological diseases during acute infection, from mild, flu-like symptoms to severe and fatal encephalitis. A total of 20-50% of patients who recovered from acute flavivirus infections experienced long-term cognitive issues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!