Phosphate removal is complicated by the need for resource recovery. Biochar shows promise for efficient phosphate adsorption, but it must be modified to enhance its adsorption capacity. In this work, magnesium (Mg)-loaded biochar was synthesized through a two-step dipping and calcination process, and the MgBC600 product was used to adsorb phosphate from simulated water and biogas slurry wastewater. The phosphate adsorption capacity of Mg-loaded biochar was 109.35 mg/g, which was 12 times higher than that of unmodified biochar. The R of the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were 0.988 and 0.990, respectively, which fitted the phosphate adsorption process of MgBC600. Phosphate adsorption by MgBC600 was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The adsorption mechanism study showed that phosphate adsorption was controlled by the formation and electrostatic attraction of MgHPO. In addition, 98% of chemically adsorbed phosphate was released after regeneration. Using phosphate-adsorbed MgBC600 as a soil amendment, Arabidopsis thaliana was 1.47 times higher than that in the biochar-only group, demonstrating that this is a promising strategy for enhancing phosphate adsorption efficiency and adsorbent recycling.
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