AI Article Synopsis
- The systematic review investigated how substance use affects neuropsychiatric health and its link to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR).
- A comprehensive search of research articles from 1950 to July 2023 identified 21 studies, including 16 animal studies and 5 involving humans or brain samples reflecting the negative effects of substances like alcohol, methamphetamine, and kratom.
- The findings suggest these substances activate persistent ER stress and UPR processes in the brain, leading to neuropsychiatric issues, but certain treatments could potentially reverse these effects.
Article Abstract
Introduction: This systematic review aimed to assess the association between neuropsychiatric effects of substance use and occurrence of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) through comprehensive electronic search of existing literature and review of their findings.
Methods: A comprehensive electronic literature search was carried out on research articles published between 1950 to July 2023 through major databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Library.
Results: A total of 21 research articles were selected for review, which were comprised of sixteen animal studies, four human studies and one study on postmortem human brain samples. The selected studies revealed that alcohol, methamphetamine, cocaine, opioid and kratom exposures contributed to neuropsychiatric effects: such as decline in learning and memory function, executive dysfunction, alcohol, methamphetamine, opioid, and kratom dependence. These effects were associated with activation and persistent of ER stress and UPR with elevation of BiP and CHOP expression and the direction of ER stress is progressing towards the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway and neuronal apoptosis and neurodegeneration at various regions of the brain. In addition, regular kratom use in humans also contributed to elevation of p-JNK expression, denoting progress of ER stress towards the IRE1-ASK1-JNK-p-JNK pathway which was linked to kratom use disorder. However, treatment with certain compounds or biological agents could reverse the activation of ER stress.
Conclusions: The neuropsychiatric effects of alcohol, methamphetamine, cocaine, opioid and kratom use may be associated with persistent ER stress and UPR.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.12.008 | DOI Listing |
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