Vehicle exhaust emissions are posing an increasingly adverse impact on urban air quality. The emission characteristics analysis and health effect assessment of specific air pollution sources can provide scientific evidence for environmental air quality management. The characteristics and health effects of PM emissions from vehicles and economic losses caused by them in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region were analyzed from 2010 to 2020. From 2010 to 2020, PM emissions from vehicles in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region showed an annual increase at first, followed by a slow decrease. According to the emission sharing ratios of different vehicle types, heavy-duty trucks and buses were the main contributors to PM, with a total contribution rate of over 65.27%. The emission characteristics of vehicle pollutants varied in different cities. The contribution rate of pollutants in Beijing decreased significantly, and the emission reduction in other cities was also dramatic. The evaluation results of the impact of PM emissions from vehicles on human health showed that the number of health endpoints in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region was on the rise. In 2020, PM pollution caused approximately 34337 premature deaths (95% CI:9025-57209), 45500 hospitalizations (95% CI:10800-80200), 282300 outpatients (95% CI:140500-416300), and 439000 people to fall ill (95% CI:160300-679200). Beijing had the largest number of patients that presented different health endpoints. The total health and economic losses caused by PM emissions from vehicles in 2010, 2015, and 2020 were 27.742 billion yuan (95% CI:8.616-44.643 billion yuan), 90.608 billion yuan (95% CI:28.476-144.050 billion yuan), and 129.965 billion yuan (95% CI:40.829-205.245 billion yuan), respectively. In addition, due to the differences in vehicle ownership, PM concentrations, population, and economic losses per case of health outcome, the health effects and economic losses varied in different cities within the region. Among these cities, Beijing, Tianjin, Baoding, and Tangshan were at higher health risks and suffered more economic losses. The results of this study will help reduce the adverse effects on health and economic losses caused by pollution discharge and provide scientific evidence for environmental protection authorities to implement targeted pollution prevention and control.
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